![]() ![]() "There are six cases: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, vocative and ablative." The Roman grammarian Aelius Donatus (4th century AD), whose work was used as standard throughout the Middle Ages, placed the cases in this order:Ĭasus sunt sex: nominativus, genetivus, dativus, accusativus, vocativus, ablativus. The case names are often abbreviated to the first three letters, for example, "nom." for "nominative". However, the locative is limited to a few nouns: generally names of cities, small islands and a few other words. ![]() However, numeral adjectives such as bīnī 'a pair, two each' decline like ordinary adjectives.Ī complete Latin noun declension consists of up to seven grammatical cases: nominative, vocative, accusative, genitive, dative, ablative and locative. The cardinal numbers ūnus 'one', duo 'two', and trēs 'three' also have their own declensions ( ūnus has genitive -īus like a pronoun). These latter decline in a similar way to the first and second noun declensions, but there are differences for example the genitive singular ends in -īus or -ius instead of -ī or -ae. Pronouns are also of two kinds, the personal pronouns such as ego 'I' and tū 'you ( sg.)', which have their own irregular declension, and the third-person pronouns such as hic 'this' and ille 'that' which can generally be used either as pronouns or adjectivally. There are no fourth- or fifth-declension adjectives. Other adjectives such as celer, celeris, celere belong to the third declension. Each noun follows one of the five declensions, but some irregular nouns have exceptions.Īdjectives are of two kinds: those like bonus, bona, bonum 'good' use first-declension endings for the feminine, and second-declension for masculine and neuter. There are five declensions, which are numbered and grouped by ending and grammatical gender. Nouns, pronouns, and adjectives are declined (verbs are conjugated), and a given pattern is called a declension. ![]() Latin declension is the set of patterns according to which Latin words are declined-that is, have their endings altered to show grammatical case, number and gender. ![]()
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